1. Islam – opposite of Kufr
The disbelievers’ actions are rejected, not matter what did it is that they perform. Two evidences are:
- “It is not for the disbelievers to maintain the Masaajid of Allah, while they witness against their own selves of disbelief. The works of such are in vain and in Fire shall they abide”
- And We shall turn to whatever deeds they (disbelievers) did, and We shall make such deeds as scatter floating particles of dust.”
The only prayer that is accepted is the Muslim’s prayer, a reality that is proven by this verse:
“And whoever seeks a religion other than Islam, it will never be accepted of him, and in the Hereafter he will be one of the losers.”
2. Sanity, opposite of insanity or madness
The Pen is raised for the insane person, meaning he/she isn’t held accountable for his deeds until he returns to his senses.
The Messenger of Allah s.w.t. Said, “The Pen has been raised from three: the one who is sleeping until he awakens; the insane person, until he returns to his senses; and the child, until he reaches puberty.” – Recorded by Ahmad in his Musnad, Abu Dawud, An Nasa’I and Ibn Majah.
3. The age of maturity, opposite of childhood
The age of maturity is realised at the age of seven, the time when a child must be ordered to pray, for the Message of Allah said, “Order your sons to pray when they turn sever, and hit/punish them (if they refuse) when they turn ten, and at that time, make them sleep in separate beds.”
4. Uplifting ritual impurity
There are two types of ritual impurity:
- The greater one – for example, menstruation or sexual intercourse – one purifies oneself from these types of impurity by performing Ghusl.
- The lesser one – for example, the passing of wind – one purifies oneself from these types of impurity by performing Ablution (Wudhu).
5. Removal of physical impurity
There are three places which needs to be purified:
- From one’s body;
- From one’s clothing; and
- From the place one prays in.
Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.) said, “Purify yourselves from urine because verify, it is the most common reason for punishment in the grave.”
6. The covering of one’s ‘awrah
‘Awrah is defined as any area of the body that must be covered.
It is compulsory to cover one’s ‘Awrah with clothing that doesn’t reveal one’s shape, skin, or complexion.
The Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.) said, “Allah does not accept the prayer of a woman who has reached the age of menstruation/ puberty unless she wears a veil.” Recorded by Abu Dawud.
Scholars concur that if one is able to wear clothes but prays naked instead, then his prayer is invalid.
The ‘Awrah for men is the area between his belly button and his knees.
The ‘Awrah for women is the area entire body except for her face
In a Hadith related by Salamah bin Al-Akwa, the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w.) ordered him to cover himself, even if he had only one garment to accomplish that.
7. The start of the prayer’s time
The proof for this condition is taken from the Hadith of Jibril a.s. Wherein he led the Prophet s.a.w. In each prayer, once at the beginning of the time of each prayer, and then at the end of its time. He said, “O Muhammad, the prayer is between these two times.”
Also Allah (s.w.t.) said, “Verily, the prayer is enjoined one the believers at fixed hours.”
8. Facing the Qibla
Evidence of this can be found in Sarah Baqarah, Ayaah 144.
9. Intention
Intention resides in the hearts and its utterance is an innovation. The Prophet (s.a.w) said, “Indeed, deeds are by intentions, and for every person is what he intended.”